膳食中每天摄入500毫克ω-3脂肪酸（相当于每周两份富含脂肪的鱼），糖尿病视网膜病变要少48%。不能以某种成分的胶囊代替天然的鱼和坚果。
      THURSDAY, Aug. 18, 2016（合众国际社UPI） 摘要_糖尿病人由于血液供应下降，导致视网膜病变是一种严重的并发症。是糖尿病最常见的致盲原因。
      西班牙研究表明，一周吃两次鱼可以降低糖尿病患者失明的风险。
      Sala Vila的团队以前专注研究病人低脂肪或植物性食物。这些研究对象是从早期研究中分离出来的，他们将西班牙居民和2型糖尿病患者分为三组，每一组给以不同的饮食。
      第一组遵循低脂肪饮食，第二组为地中海饮食习惯（植物/无红肉）的饮食，辅以特级初榨橄榄油。第三组也随地中海饮食，并辅以每天30克ω-3丰富的核桃、榛子、杏仁。结果发现，第二组出现了视力下降的情况。
      Sala Vila团队继续延续了这项研究工作，对年龄在55岁至80岁之间约3600的糖尿病男女患者在他们日常膳食中分配八种海鲜。跟踪调查研究5年。
      那些膳食中每天摄入500毫克ω-3脂肪酸（相当于每周两份富含脂肪的鱼），糖尿病视网膜病变要少48%。
      Sala Vila指出，可能是整体的ω-3脂肪酸的水平降低了全身炎症反应，鱼脂肪如何保护糖尿病患者的机制尚不清楚。
      Sala Vila还警告不要理解为也可以补充ω-3脂肪酸来替代吃鱼了。
      该研究结果表明的是添加特定的天然成分对人们健康的影响，而不是膳食补充剂的效果。不能以补充某种成分的胶囊来替代天然的鱼和坚果，因为还含有其他的重要营养素如核桃中的维生素E；鲑鱼、金枪鱼丰富的蛋白质。
THURSDAY, Aug. 18, 2016 -- Two servings of fish a week may be enough to lower the heightened risk for blindness that those with diabetes face, a new Spanish study suggests.
Diabetic retinopathy is a serious complication of type 2 diabetes resulting from a drop-off in blood supply to the patient's retina. According to lead researcher Aleix Sala-Vila, it is the most frequent cause of diabetes-related blindness.
"We wanted to [see] whether regular consumption of seafood -- fatty fish in particular -- in the absence of any advice to increase seafood consumption or fish oil supplementation decreased the risk of diabetic retinopathy," explained Sala-Vila, a researcher at the Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red in Barcelona.
Sala-Vila's team focused on patients whose overall diet was already composed of mostly low-fat or plant-based foods. That said, the team found that those who consumed at least two servings of fatty fish weekly had a lower risk for diabetic retinopathy than those whose diets included less fish.
Study participants were drawn from an earlier trial that had divided Spanish residents with type 2 diabetes into three different groups, each assigned to a different diet.
The first followed a low-fat diet. The second followed a Mediterranean (plant-based/red meat-free) diet, supplemented with extra virgin olive oil. And the third also followed a Mediterranean diet, supplemented by 30 grams a day of omega-3 rich walnuts, hazelnuts, and almonds.
That study found it was those in the second group who saw their vision risks fall.
Working with the same pool of participants, Sala-Vila's team then asked about 3,600 diabetic men and wom